Aorticopulmonary septal defects refer to a group of congenital heart defects characterized by abnormalities in the septum, which is the wall that separates the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The septum is responsible for directing blood flow from the left side of the heart to the right side.
These defects occur during fetal development when the septum fails to fully develop, resulting in the incomplete separation of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. As a consequence, oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle mixes with oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle, causing an abnormal circulation pattern.
There are several types of aorticopulmonary septal defects, including ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, and double outlet right ventricle. Each type varies in terms of severity and specific anatomical abnormalities.
Symptoms of aorticopulmonary septal defects can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the defect. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, poor weight gain, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin), and heart murmurs. Diagnosis is typically made using various imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cardiac catheterization.
Treatment for aorticopulmonary septal defects usually involves surgical intervention, with the aim of repairing or closing the defect. The specific approach depends on the individual’s condition and the type of defect. In some cases, multiple surgeries may be required over time to address progressive complications or residual defects. Follow-up care, including regular check-ups and monitoring, is necessary to ensure optimal cardiac function and overall health.
