The Antrum of Highmore, also known as the Maxillary Sinus, is a paired cavity located within the maxillary bone of the skull. It is one of the four paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled spaces connected to the nasal cavity.
The Antrum of Highmore is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and is situated in the maxillary bone, below and lateral to the nasal cavity. It is pyramidal in shape and consists of a floor, roof, medial and lateral walls, as well as an anterior and posterior opening. The floor of the antrum is formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla, while the roof is composed of the floor of the orbit. The medial wall separates it from the nasal cavity, and the lateral wall lies adjacent to the zygomatic bone.
Its main function is to lighten the weight of the skull, while also playing a role in the resonance of the voice. The Antrum of Highmore is lined with a mucous membrane, which secretes mucus that helps to moisten, warm, and filter the air that passes through the nasal cavity.
The Antrum of Highmore has clinical significance, as it can become inflamed, leading to a condition known as maxillary sinusitis. This inflammation may occur due to various factors, including allergies, infections, or anatomical abnormalities. Symptoms of maxillary sinusitis may include pain or pressure around the cheeks, nasal congestion, headache, and a persistent cough.
