Antineoplastic alkylating drugs are a group of chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of various types of cancer. These drugs work by interfering with the DNA structure of cancer cells, preventing their growth and division.
The term "antineoplastic" refers to the ability of these drugs to inhibit or destroy neoplastic cells, which are abnormal cells that can form tumors. Alkylating drugs accomplish this by attaching an alkyl group to the DNA molecule, causing DNA cross-linking or DNA strand breakage. This disrupts the replication and transcription processes of the cancer cells, ultimately leading to their death.
These drugs are classified as alkylating agents because they contain a reactive alkyl group, which can form covalent bonds with the DNA molecule. Some common examples of antineoplastic alkylating drugs include cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and busulfan.
Due to their ability to directly damage the DNA, antineoplastic alkylating drugs are effective against a broad range of cancers, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, they can also have toxic effects on healthy cells, leading to various side effects such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal issues, and increased risk of infections.
The use of antineoplastic alkylating drugs is typically determined by the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health condition. These drugs are often administered in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy to maximize their effectiveness.
