Anterior poliomyelitis, also known as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or spinal polio, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gray matter in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. This viral infection primarily affects the motor neurons responsible for muscle movement and can lead to muscle weakness or even paralysis.
Anterior poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus, which predominantly spreads through contaminated food, water, or contact with an infected person. The virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in the intestines before traveling to the nervous system, where it attacks the motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Symptoms of anterior poliomyelitis typically include fever, headache, nausea, fatigue, and stiffness in the neck and back. However, the hallmark sign of this condition is the sudden onset of muscle weakness or paralysis, usually affecting the legs but potentially involving the arms and breathing muscles. In some cases, the paralysis may be temporary, resolving within weeks or months, while in others, it may be permanent.
Due to the potential for permanent disability or respiratory failure, early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention are crucial in managing anterior poliomyelitis. Treatment often involves supportive care, including physical therapy to preserve muscle strength and function. Prevention is primarily achieved through vaccination, with the global implementation of polio immunization campaigns contributing to the near eradication of the disease.
In conclusion, anterior poliomyelitis is a viral infection that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle weakness or paralysis. Early diagnosis, medical intervention, and preventive measures such as vaccination play key roles in managing and preventing this potentially debilitating condition.
