Anserine disease, also known as avian tuberculosis or avian inadunability, is a contagious bacterial infection that affects birds, especially poultry. It is caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex, which includes different strains of bacteria capable of causing various infections in birds. Anserine disease primarily targets domestic poultry such as chickens, turkeys, geese, and ducks, but it can also affect other avian species.
The disease is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are small, firm, and nodular lesions that can develop in various organs, including the liver, spleen, intestines, and respiratory system. These granulomas are primarily composed of infected immune cells that surround the bacteria, attempting to contain the infection. As the disease progresses, the granulomas can cause significant damage to the affected organs, resulting in organ dysfunction and eventually death.
Anserine disease is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected birds, consumption of contaminated food or water, and inhalation of infectious particles present in the environment. Infected birds may exhibit symptoms such as weight loss, decreased appetite, weakness, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and swollen or abnormal external lesions.
Prevention and control of Anserine disease involve maintaining strict biosecurity measures, such as quarantine, proper hygiene practices, and regular disinfection of the environment. Vaccinations are available in some countries to protect poultry from this infection. Infected birds should be identified and culled to prevent the spread of the disease to other flocks.
