ANOMIE THEORY Meaning and
Definition
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Anomie theory, also known as strain theory, is a sociological concept that explains deviant or criminal behavior within a society. The theory was first developed by Emile Durkheim in the late 19th century and later expanded upon by other sociologists.
Anomie refers to a state of normlessness, where individuals lack clear social or moral guidelines. According to the theory, when social norms are weakened or absent, individuals experience a feeling of confusion, frustration, and aimlessness. This state of anomie can arise in societies experiencing rapid social change, economic instability, or a breakdown in social institutions and values.
Anomie theory suggests that individuals may turn to deviant or criminal behavior as a means of achieving their goals or adapting to the societal conditions they find themselves in. Given the absence of clear norms, individuals may resort to illegitimate means to attain economic success, social status, or personal satisfaction. These actions are viewed as a response to the strain between societal expectations and the limited opportunities available.
The theory differentiates between two types of responses to anomie: conformity and innovation. Conformity refers to individuals who adhere to societal norms and values despite the strain, while innovation refers to individuals who reject the means but still strive to achieve societal goals. This could involve engaging in criminal activities such as theft, fraud, or violence.
In summary, anomie theory explains the link between social disorganization, normlessness, and deviant behavior. It provides insight into the way social conditions and the breakdown of norms can contribute to various forms of societal deviance.
Etymology of ANOMIE THEORY
The term "anomie theory" originates from the field of sociology and was coined by Émile Durkheim, a prominent French sociologist, in the late 19th century.
The word "anomie" is of Greek origin. It comes from the Greek term "anomia", which is a combination of "a-" (meaning "without" or "lacking") and "nomos" (meaning "law" or "rule"). Thus, "anomia" can be translated as "without law" or "lack of norms".
Durkheim introduced the concept of anomie in his influential book "Suicide: A Study in Sociology" published in 1897. He used it to describe a state of social and moral disorder resulting from the breakdown of societal norms and values.
