The spelling of the word "anomalistic month" is based on its pronunciation. In IPA phonetic transcription, it is written as /əˌnɒməˈlɪstɪk mʌnθ/. The word refers to the time it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth from one perigee (its closest point to Earth) to the next. This period is about 27.555 days long and is influenced by various factors, making it variable or "anomalous". The term "anomalistic month" is commonly used in astronomy and related fields.
An anomalistic month refers to the duration it takes for the Moon to complete one full orbit around the Earth, measured with respect to the Moon's apogee and perigee points. It is a period of time that spans from one perigee to the next perigee, or one apogee to the next apogee. This term stems from the word "anomaly," which denotes deviation or irregularity.
The duration of an anomalistic month is approximately 27.55455 days or 27 days, 13 hours, 18 minutes, and 33.2 seconds in length. This duration is slightly longer than the synodic month, which is the time taken for the Moon to complete one full cycle of lunar phases, and longer still than the sidereal month, which is the time taken for the Moon to complete one orbit around the Earth with respect to a fixed point in space.
The variation in the length of an anomalistic month exists due to the non-circular orbit of the Moon around the Earth, which causes the distance between the Moon and Earth to fluctuate. As the Moon moves further away from the Earth during its apogee, the gravitational pull is weaker and its orbital velocity decreases, resulting in a longer period to complete a full orbit.
The concept of an anomalistic month is central to understanding lunar motion and is utilized in various astronomical calculations and predictions, particularly those relating to eclipses and other celestial events that depend on the positioning of the Moon in its orbit.
The word "anomalistic month" is derived from two components: "anomalistic" and "month".
1. "Anomalistic" comes from the word "anomaly", which originates from the Greek word "anomalía". "Anomalía" refers to something that is irregular, anomalous, or deviating from the normal or expected path. In scientific and astronomical contexts, "anomaly" is used to describe the position or orbit of a celestial object when it deviates from its usual pattern or path.
2. "Month" comes from the Old English word "monað", which corresponds to the time it takes for the moon to complete one full cycle of phases, approximately 29.53 days. The word "month" has cognates in various Germanic languages and is linked to the idea of the moon's lunar cycle.