"Aneutronic fuel" is a term used in nuclear physics to describe fuels that do not rely on neutron interaction to generate energy. The correct spelling of this word is [əˈnjuːtrɒnɪk fjuːəl], pronounced as "uh-noo-trawn-ik fuel", with the stress on the second syllable. The initial "a" is pronounced as a schwa sound, similar to the "uh" sound in "above". The word "aneutronic" is derived from "a-" meaning "not" and "neutron", indicating the lack of neutron interaction.
Aneutronic fuel refers to a type of fuel that generates energy through nuclear fusion without producing significant amounts of neutrons. It is characterized by a fusion reaction that involves the collision and merging of atomic nuclei, typically hydrogen isotopes, to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a substantial amount of energy in the process. Unlike conventional fusion fuels, such as deuterium and tritium, which generate a substantial number of neutrons, aneutronic fuels primarily rely on proton-boron fusion or other similar reactions to produce energy.
The absence of substantial neutron emissions is a significant advantage of aneutronic fuels, as it reduces the risks associated with radioactivity and neutron-induced damage. This clean aspect makes aneutronic fuel appealing for potential future energy generation, as the absence of neutron production decreases the need for complex and expensive radiation shielding systems. Furthermore, aneutronic fuels have the potential to achieve higher efficiencies in energy production due to the direct conversion of charged particles into electricity, avoiding energy losses associated with neutron generation.
The most commonly studied aneutronic fusion reaction is the collision between protons and boron-11 nuclei, known as the p-B fusion reaction. This fusion reaction releases energy in the form of high-energy alpha particles, which can be harvested to generate electricity. While aneutronic fuels exhibit significant potential, their development and implementation face several technical challenges, mainly related to the attainment of the necessary conditions for sustained fusion reactions and the efficient extraction of energy from the reaction products.