Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a decreased number of red blood cells or low levels of hemoglobin, resulting in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is a protein found inside the red blood cells that binds with oxygen in the lungs and transports it to various tissues and organs throughout the body.
There are multiple causes of anemia, such as deficiencies in certain nutrients (iron, vitamin B12, or folate), chronic diseases (kidney disease, cancer), genetic disorders (sickle cell anemia, thalassemia), bone marrow problems, or excessive blood loss (bleeding disorders, menstrual periods, or gastrointestinal bleeding).
The symptoms of anemia often include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid or irregular heartbeat, headache, and difficulty concentrating. Depending on the specific type and severity of anemia, additional symptoms like chest pain, cold hands and feet, brittle nails, or pica (urge to eat non-food items) may also be present.
Diagnosis of anemia typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) test to measure the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and other related parameters. Treatment options vary and are determined by the underlying cause of anemia. It may involve dietary adjustments, iron or vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, medications, or in severe cases, bone marrow transplantation.
Prompt and adequate management of anemia is crucial to restore the optimal oxygen supply to the body's cells and tissues, as untreated or chronic anemia can lead to significant complications, including heart problems, organ damage, and even death.
