Anders disease, also known as Andes virus, is a rare and serious viral infection caused by the Andes virus, a member of the hantavirus family. It was first identified in South America, particularly in Argentina and Chile, in the early 1990s. Anders disease primarily manifests as a severe pulmonary syndrome known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS).
The disease is contracted through inhalation of virus particles present in the droppings, urine, or saliva of infected rodents, specifically the long-tailed pygmy rice rat. Humans can become infected when they come into contact with these contaminated materials, particularly in enclosed spaces such as sheds, barns, or cabins. Transmission of the virus from person to person is extremely rare.
Symptoms of Anders disease initially resemble those of the flu, including fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and gastrointestinal distress. As the disease progresses, respiratory distress and cardiovascular complications may arise. Breathing difficulties intensify, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and the heart, potentially resulting in life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary edema or heart failure.
Given the severity of Anders disease, early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention are crucial. Treatment mainly revolves around supportive care, with patients typically requiring hospitalization to alleviate respiratory distress and manage complications. There is no specific antiviral treatment for Anders disease, although efforts are ongoing to develop effective therapies.
Prevention of Anders disease primarily involves minimizing exposure to rodents and their habitats, as well as implementing proper hygiene practices. This includes storing food in airtight containers, sealing openings that may allow rodent entry, and maintaining cleanliness in living spaces to discourage infestations.
