Anasarque is a medical term that refers to a severe and generalized form of edema, which is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues. It is characterized by a profound and excessive swelling that affects various parts of the body, including the limbs, face, abdomen, and genitals.
Anasarque typically occurs as a result of an underlying medical condition or disease, such as congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver disease, or severe malnutrition. It can also be observed in certain infectious diseases, such as sepsis or severe bacterial infections. Anasarque is often a sign of a serious or advanced stage of these conditions.
The excessive fluid buildup in anasarque occurs due to impaired fluid balance and regulation within the body. The underlying condition disrupts the normal functioning of the heart, kidneys, or liver, leading to the retention of fluid. This excess fluid then seeps into the surrounding tissues, causing the characteristic swelling. The accumulation of fluid not only causes discomfort, but it can also impair organ function and contribute to various complications.
The diagnosis of anasarque is typically based on clinical evaluation, physical examination, and medical history. Additional investigations, such as blood tests, imaging studies, or biopsies, may be performed to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment for anasarque focuses on managing the underlying condition and reducing fluid buildup. This often involves a combination of medications, such as diuretics to promote fluid excretion, as well as lifestyle modifications, including salt and fluid restriction. In severe cases, hospitalization and more aggressive interventions may be necessary, such as intravenous medications or drainage procedures to remove excess fluid.
