The correct spelling of "anal sphincter" is important for medical professionals to ensure accurate communication when referencing this muscle. The word "anal" is spelled /ˈeɪ.nəl/, with the stress on the first syllable, and the "sphincter" is spelled /ˈsfɪŋk.tər/, with the stress on the second syllable. The "ph" in "sphincter" is pronounced as an "f" (/f/), making the word sound similar to "sfinker". The anal sphincter is a circular muscle that controls the flow of feces from the rectum.
The anal sphincter refers to a circular muscle that surrounds the opening of the anus, which is the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract. This muscular structure plays a crucial role in controlling the passage of feces and preventing involuntary leakage from the rectum. It consists of two main components: the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter.
The internal anal sphincter is an involuntary smooth muscle that lies closer to the rectum and is responsible for maintaining the resting tone of the anal canal. It helps keep the anus closed and assists in controlling the release of stool. Its contraction also prevents the backflow of fecal matter into the rectum.
On the other hand, the external anal sphincter is a voluntary skeletal muscle that lies just outside the internal sphincter. It provides additional control over defecation by allowing conscious control over the opening and closing of the anus. This muscle is under the control of the somatic nervous system and can be relaxed voluntarily during bowel movements or tightened when needed to prevent fecal leakage.
The coordinated actions of both the internal and external anal sphincter muscles are integral for normal bowel function and maintaining continence. Dysfunction or damage to these muscles may result in conditions like fecal incontinence or constipation. Various medical interventions, including physical therapy exercises, medications, and surgical procedures, can be employed to treat disorders or dysfunction of the anal sphincter.
The word "anal" originates from the Greek word "ános", which means "ring". "Sphincter" also comes from Greek and derives from the verb "sphíngō", meaning "to bind tight". So, the term "anal sphincter" describes the muscular ring located at the end of the anal canal, responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the anus.