Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. It is characterized by the degeneration and death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventual paralysis.
The condition primarily affects adults, typically appearing between the ages of 40 and 70, but it can occur at any age. The exact cause of ALS is not yet fully understood, although it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is currently no cure for ALS, and the progression of the disease varies from person to person.
The initial symptoms of ALS can be subtle, such as muscle weakness or difficulty with fine motor tasks like buttoning a shirt. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience muscle cramps, twitching, and eventually complete paralysis. ALS does not typically affect sensory functions, such as vision, hearing, or taste, and cognitive abilities are usually preserved in the early stages of the disease.
The diagnosis of ALS is made through a combination of clinical observations, neurological examinations, and various tests to rule out other possible causes of symptoms. Treatment for ALS focuses on managing symptoms, maximizing quality of life, and providing supportive care. This can include medications to manage muscle spasms and pain, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive devices to aid with mobility and communication.
