American relapsing fever, also known as tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia hermsii. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected soft-bodied ticks, such as the Ornithodoros hermsi tick, which are commonly found in western regions of the United States and Canada. This infectious disease is characterized by recurring episodes of fever and other symptoms.
Symptoms of American relapsing fever typically include high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, and fatigue. The name "relapsing fever" refers to the cyclic nature of the illness, where patients tend to experience multiple episodes of fever followed by periods of no or mild symptoms. These episodes can occur at irregular intervals and may last for several days.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of American relapsing fever are crucial to prevent complications. If left untreated, the infection can potentially lead to more severe symptoms such as meningitis, liver or kidney damage, respiratory distress, and even death. Antibiotics, particularly doxycycline or tetracycline, are commonly prescribed to effectively treat this condition.
Prevention of American relapsing fever involves avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and performing regular tick checks after outdoor activities. Swift and proper removal of ticks is essential, as transmission of the bacteria usually occurs after the tick has been attached for some time.
Overall, American relapsing fever is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia hermsii bacteria, transmitted through ticks, and characterized by recurring episodes of fever and associated symptoms.
