Althing is the national parliament of Iceland, and its spelling may create confusion due to its unique pronunciation. The IPA phonetic transcription for Althing is /ˈalθiŋk/. The "a" is pronounced as "ah" (æ), the "l" sounding as "th" (θ) and the "ng" similar as in English. Hence, the word is pronounced like "ahl-thingk." The spelling of this word stems from the Old Norse language and is a combination of "all-" meaning "entire" and "-thing" meaning an assembly or gathering.
The Althing, also known as the Alþingi or Alþing, is a historical and current term that denotes the national parliament of Iceland. Additionally, it represents one of the oldest parliamentary institutions in the world, with its origins dating back to the year 930. Derived from Old Norse, "Althing" can be translated as "general assembly," comprising the words "al" meaning "all" or "general" and "thing" meaning "assembly" or "meeting."
Originally established as a gathering of chieftains and rulers at the Þingvellir (also known as Thingvellir) plain, the Althing served as a legislative and legal assembly for the early Icelandic Commonwealth. It was a forum where disputes were resolved, laws were enacted, and important societal matters were discussed. The Althing was a symbol of democracy and communal decision-making, where representatives from various regions would convene annually.
As Iceland transitioned from a commonwealth to a kingdom and later a republic, the Althing evolved accordingly. Today, it consists of 63 members who are elected by proportional representation to serve in the Icelandic parliament. The Althing retains its legislative powers, enacts laws, and exercises parliamentary oversight over the executive branch. It plays a vital role in shaping Icelandic society, politics, and governance. The Althing represents an enduring symbol of democracy in Iceland, signifying a long-standing tradition of open debate, collaboration, and democratic decision-making amongst its citizens.
The word "Althing" has its etymology in Old Norse, specifically from the combination of two words: "allr" meaning "all" and "thing" meaning "assembly" or "meeting". The Althing was the national assembly of Iceland, which was established in 930 CE and is considered one of the oldest existing parliamentary institutions in the world. The word "Althing" signifies the gathering of all free men in Iceland to discuss and make decisions on important matters of the community and the country.