ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENT Meaning and
Definition
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Alternating electric current refers to a type of electric current that continuously changes its direction or polarity. It is known as alternating current (AC) because it undergoes a periodic reversal of its flow, continually oscillating back and forth between positive and negative values. This alternating flow is a characteristic feature of the majority of electrical power systems and household outlets worldwide.
The direction change in alternating current occurs at regular time intervals, commonly referred to as the frequency. In most countries, the standard frequency is 50 or 60 Hertz (Hz), corresponding to 50 or 60 complete cycles per second. This constant oscillation is essential for the efficient transmission and distribution of electrical power over long distances, minimizing energy loss due to resistance in transmission lines.
Alternating current is generated using electric power generators, such as alternators, which produce electricity by spinning a magnetic field within a wire coil. As the magnetic field rotates, it induces an alternating voltage within the coil. This voltage then drives the flow of current through conductive materials such as wires, enabling the transmission of electrical energy to various devices and systems.
Furthermore, alternating current finds widespread use in a multitude of applications, including residential, commercial, and industrial settings. It powers a wide range of electrical devices and appliances, from lighting fixtures and electric motors to refrigerators and computers. The ability of alternating current to be easily transformed into different voltage levels enables the efficient distribution and utilization of electric power, ensuring its pervasive presence in modern electrical systems.
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