ALLERGY Meaning and
Definition
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An allergy is a physiological condition in which the immune system of an individual reacts abnormally to typically harmless substances such as certain foods, pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. These substances, called allergens, trigger an exaggerated response from the immune system, which mistakenly perceives them as harmful invaders. The immune system produces an antibody known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) to counteract the allergens. Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the IgE antibodies stimulate the release of histamine and other chemicals in the body, leading to the characteristic allergic symptoms.
These symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity and the nature of the allergen. Common symptoms of allergies can include sneezing, itching, runny nose, watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, hives, and swelling in various parts of the body. In severe cases, allergies can lead to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by rapid breathing, low blood pressure, and widespread organ dysfunction.
Allergies can develop in childhood or adulthood, and individuals may be allergic to one or multiple allergens. Although allergies cannot be cured, their symptoms can often be managed through avoidance of allergens, medication, or immunotherapy. Allergy testing, including skin tests or blood tests, can help identify specific allergens responsible for an individual's allergic reactions. Managing allergies is essential to prevent potential complications and maintain a good quality of life for those affected.
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Etymology of ALLERGY
The word "allergy" was coined by the Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906. It comes from the German word "Allergie", which he derived from the Greek words "allos" meaning "other" and "ergon" meaning "work" or "reaction". Von Pirquet used this term to describe a hypersensitivity response or an abnormal reaction of the immune system to certain substances, such as pollen, food, or animal dander. The word gained popularity and eventually became widely used in English and other languages to refer to this immune response.
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