ALLELISM TEST Meaning and
Definition
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An allelism test is a method used in genetics to determine whether two different genetic variants, or alleles, are found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes in an organism's genome. It is primarily used to establish whether two mutant genes that have similar phenotypic effects are located at the same or different loci.
In an allelism test, individuals with two different mutant phenotypes are crossed to determine the pattern of inheritance in their offspring. If the offspring show a segregation pattern that matches the expected Mendelian distribution for a single gene, it suggests that the two mutant genes are located at different loci, or allelic series, in the genome. On the other hand, if the progeny display a modified segregation ratio, indicating a deviation from Mendelian inheritance, it suggests that the two mutants are allelic variants of the same gene.
The allelism test is a fundamental tool in genetic research as it helps in the identification and characterization of genes responsible for specific traits or diseases. It allows scientists to determine whether similar phenotypic variations result from mutations in the same gene or different genes. By establishing allelism or non-allelism, researchers can gain insights into the molecular basis of genetic variation and inheritance, which is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of evolution, development, and disease.
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Etymology of ALLELISM TEST
The word "allele" originated from the German word "Allel", which is derived from the Greek word "allelon", meaning "one another". The term was introduced in the early 20th century by German geneticist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the alternate forms of a gene that occupy the same locus (position) on a chromosome.
The word "test" has Latin origins from "testum", meaning "pot" or "earthenware vessel". Over time, it came to be used more broadly to refer to a trial or examination of something. In the context of genetics, a test is conducted to determine the presence or absence of a particular trait or gene.
Therefore, the term "allelism test" refers to an examination or experiment conducted to establish the presence of different alleles at a particular locus in an organism's genome.
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