Alkaline earth metals are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table that share similar properties. The group consists of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). These metals are called alkaline earth metals due to their oxides and hydroxides, which have alkaline properties.
Alkaline earth metals are characterized by their shiny appearance, silvery-gray color, low density, and relatively low melting points. They are highly reactive and possess two valence electrons in their outermost energy level, which makes them prone to losing those electrons to form positive ions with a +2 charge. This high reactivity is a result of their electronic configuration, which makes them eager to obtain a stable noble gas configuration.
Alkaline earth metals are typically found in nature as compounds rather than pure elements. They are widely distributed and commonly occur in minerals and rocks. Calcium, for example, is an essential element found in bones and teeth, while magnesium is commonly present in seawater and plays a vital role in many biological processes.
These metals have numerous practical applications in everyday life. Magnesium alloys, for instance, are used in the aerospace industry due to their lightweight and high strength properties. Calcium compounds are used in construction materials such as cement, while barium sulfate is used for medical imaging exams like X-rays.
Despite their utility, alkaline earth metals can be hazardous to health, especially in their elemental form, as they can react exothermically with water and release flammable hydrogen gas.
