Algid pernicious fever, also known as algid malaria or malignant tertian malaria, is a severe and potentially life-threatening form of malaria that is characterized by recurring febrile paroxysms, uncontrollable chills, and a marked decrease in body temperature.
This type of fever is caused by infection with the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Algid pernicious fever is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
The distinguishing feature of this condition is the sudden drop in body temperature, known as algidity, during or after the fever episodes. This can lead to extreme coldness, shivering, and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) due to impaired blood circulation. The periodic episodes of fever are typically accompanied by profuse sweating, severe headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and sometimes nausea and vomiting.
Algid pernicious fever poses a significant risk to individuals who have not previously been exposed to the falciparum species, as they often lack immunity and are more susceptible to severe complications. If left untreated, this form of malaria can progress rapidly and result in organ failure, severe anemia, cerebral malaria, and even death.
Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to managing algid pernicious fever. Antimalarial medications, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies, are commonly used to eradicate the parasite and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, preventive measures such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and antimalarial prophylaxis are essential in areas where this fever is prevalent.
