The word "albumen photograph" refers to a type of photographic print that was popular in the 19th century. Its name comes from the use of albumen, a protein found in egg whites, in the printing process. The spelling of "albumen" is pronounced as /ælˈbjumən/ in IPA transcription, with the stress on the second syllable. The word "photograph" has a similar stress pattern, with /ˈfoʊtəgræf/ being the correct IPA transcription. Together, the two words create a distinct term for a unique historical photographic process.
An albumen photograph is a type of photographic print produced using the albumen process, which was commonly used between the 1850s and 1890s. It involves the application of a light-sensitive solution made from egg whites (albumen), resulting in a unique and distinctive image.
To create an albumen photograph, a piece of high-quality paper is coated with a solution derived from egg whites, which serves as a binding agent for light-sensitive silver salts. The paper is then sensitized by submerging it in a solution of silver nitrate, making it receptive to light exposure. Once dry, the sensitized paper is ready for the negative.
The process involves placing the negative in direct contact with the sensitized paper and exposing it to light. This creates a latent image that develops into a visible image when the paper is immersed in a solution of gallic acid and silver nitrate. Finally, the print is fixed with a sodium thiosulfate solution to remove any unexposed silver salts.
Albumen photographs are characterized by their rich tonal range and sharp details. The process allowed for a high level of control, resulting in precise prints with intricate highlights and shadows. However, albumen prints are susceptible to fading and yellowing over time, due to the organic nature of the albumen binder.
Today, albumen photographs hold historical significance and are highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts for their aesthetic appeal and representation of an early era in photography.
The word "albumen" in "albumen photograph" originated from the Latin word "albus", meaning white. It refers to the white of an egg. In 1850s photography, albumen prints became widespread. These prints were made using a combination of egg whites and salt, which served as the light-sensitive coating on the paper. The term "albumen photograph" emerged to describe this specific photographic technique.