AIH stands for Autoimmune Hepatitis, which is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the liver cells due to an autoimmune response. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the liver cells, causing inflammation and impairing the liver's normal functions.
The exact cause of AIH is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. It predominantly affects women more than men and can occur at any age, although it is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 40.
The symptoms of AIH can vary from mild to severe and may include fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, itching, joint pain, and nausea. If left untreated, AIH can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and eventually death.
Diagnosing AIH involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, blood tests, and liver biopsy to assess liver damage and rule out other liver diseases. Treatment for AIH typically involves lifelong immunosuppression with medications such as prednisone and azathioprine to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.
Monitoring liver function, immune system activity, and medication side effects are crucial in the management of AIH. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary if the liver damage is extensive or if other treatments have proven ineffective. Regular medical follow-up and adherence to medications are crucial for controlling the disease and preventing its complications.
