AIDS Associated Nephropathy (AAN) is a medical condition characterized by kidney damage that occurs in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is a specific type of kidney disease that occurs due to the direct impact of HIV on the kidneys.
AAN is predominantly observed in individuals with advanced stages of HIV infection and a severely compromised immune system. It is more commonly seen in people who have not received adequate treatment for HIV or have poor medication adherence. It presents as a progressive deterioration of kidney function leading to renal failure if left untreated.
The exact mechanism behind AAN is not fully understood, but it is believed that the HIV virus directly infects the renal cells and causes inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, tubules, and interstitium of the kidneys. This damage leads to the impaired filtration and excretion of waste products, electrolyte imbalance, proteinuria (presence of excessive protein in the urine), and alteration in urine output.
Symptoms of AAN commonly include swelling in the ankles, legs, or face, decreased urine output, blood in urine, fatigue, and high blood pressure. However, these symptoms may not be specific to AAN and can also be indicators of other kidney diseases.
Treatment for AAN aims to manage the underlying HIV infection and slow down the progression of kidney damage. It involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress the HIV virus, controlling blood pressure, reducing protein in the urine, and managing other symptoms of kidney disease. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be required. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial in improving the prognosis and quality of life of individuals with AIDS Associated Nephropathy.
