African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. It belongs to the Asfarviridae family and is the sole member of the genus Asfivirus. ASFV is characterized by its large, enveloped double-stranded DNA genome.
This virus is responsible for African Swine Fever (ASF), which has a significant impact on pig populations worldwide. ASFV primarily spreads through direct contact between infected pigs or through indirect transmission via contaminated objects, feed, or ticks. The virus can also survive for long periods in pig products such as pork, allowing it to be transported over long distances.
ASF leads to a wide range of clinical signs in affected pigs, including fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, respiratory distress, and severe hemorrhaging. Mortality rates vary, but they can exceed 90%. Currently, no specific treatment or vaccine is available for ASF, making prevention and strict biosecurity measures the most effective means of control.
The impact of ASF is not limited to animal health alone, as it also has significant economic implications. Outbreaks of ASF result in tremendous losses in the pig industry due to animal deaths, trade restrictions, and disruptions in pig production and supply chains.
Due to its devastating consequences and potential for rapid spread, ASFV is considered a significant threat to global food security and poses a considerable challenge for the pig farming industry. Vigilant surveillance, control measures, and collaborative international efforts are essential for the containment and eradication of this virus.
