African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) is a highly infectious and often fatal viral disease that affects horses, donkeys, and zebras. It belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus, and is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides species. AHSV is primarily found in Africa but can spread to other continents through the movement of infected animals or vectors.
The virus poses a significant threat to equine populations and has different forms or serotypes (nine in total), with varying levels of severity. It primarily affects the respiratory and circulatory systems, causing fever, coughing, nasal discharge, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, it can progress to cardiovascular and neurological complications, leading to high mortality rates, up to 90% in some outbreaks.
The disease is especially challenging to control and prevent, as there is currently no specific treatment or cure. Prevention is mainly based on vaccination protocols and vector control measures, including insecticides, protective clothing, and stabling horses during peak insect activity. Timely diagnosis and reporting of suspected cases are crucial to implementing control measures swiftly and reducing the spread of the virus.
Due to its devastating impact on horses, African Horse Sickness is monitored by veterinary authorities worldwide, and strict regulations are in place for the international transportation of equines from affected regions. Vigilance and collaboration between governments, veterinary professionals, and horse owners are essential to preventing the spread of AHSV and minimizing its impact on horse populations.
