How Do You Spell AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECTS?

Pronunciation: [ˈafɹənt pjˈuːpɪləɹi dˈiːfɛkts] (IPA)

Afferent Pupillary Defects (APD) refers to an abnormality in the pupillary response to light that is caused due to damage in the afferent pathway of the optic nerve. The term 'afferent' is spelled as /ˈæfərənt/, with stress on the second syllable, and pronounced as "AF-er-ent". 'Pupillary' is spelled as /ˈpjuːpɪlri/, with stress on the first syllable, and pronounced as "PYOO-pil-er-ee". 'Defects' is spelled as /dɪˈfɛkts/, with stress on the second syllable, and pronounced as "dih-FEKTs". These technical terms are often used by ophthalmologists and medical professionals to diagnose conditions affecting the eyes.

AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECTS Meaning and Definition

1. Afferent pupillary defects, also known as Marcus Gunn pupil or relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), refers to an abnormal response of the pupil to light stimulus. It is a clinical finding commonly observed in patients with optic nerve damage, particularly unilateral optic nerve dysfunction. Afferent pupillary defects occur due to impaired transmission of information from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve.

   In individuals with afferent pupillary defects, when a light is shone into the affected eye, there is a reduced constriction of the pupil compared to the unaffected eye. This abnormal pupillary response indicates an impairment in the ability of the damaged optic nerve to transmit visual signals. As a result, light stimulus does not reach the brain efficiently, leading to a reduced or absent pupillary constriction.

   Afferent pupillary defects can arise from various conditions that affect the optic nerve, including optic neuritis, optic nerve compression, optic neuropathy, or other optic nerve injuries. It is important to note that afferent pupillary defects do not cause visual loss per se, but rather indicate a dysfunction in the transmission of visual information from the affected eye to the brain.

   A clinical assessment called the swinging flashlight test is commonly performed to detect afferent pupillary defects. By comparing the pupillary responses of both eyes when an illuminated light is rapidly moved from one eye to the other, the degree of pupillary constriction asymmetry can be determined, providing important diagnostic information about the presence and severity of optic nerve dysfunction.

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