"Affection typhoide" is a medical term that refers to the typhoid fever, a potentially serious and contagious bacterial infection primarily caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. This disease predominantly affects the gastrointestinal system and can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications if left untreated.
Typhoid fever is commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water, which makes it more prevalent in regions with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. The infection typically occurs when an individual consumes food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Once ingested, Salmonella Typhi bacteria invade the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, and spread to various organs and tissues, leading to systemic illness.
Characterized by symptoms such as high fever, headache, abdominal pain, and general malaise, affection typhoide progresses over several weeks if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Other common symptoms include constipation or diarrhea, loss of appetite, and a distinctive rose-colored skin rash. In severe cases, complications like intestinal bleeding, perforation, and even life-threatening conditions can arise.
The accurate diagnosis of affection typhoide requires laboratory tests to confirm the presence of Salmonella Typhi bacteria in blood, stool, or urine samples. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for typhoid fever, and supportive care such as fluids and rest are essential to manage the symptoms and promote recovery.
Prevention strategies, including vaccination, safe food and water consumption practices, and proper hygiene, are crucial to reduce the burden of affection typhoide in communities and prevent its transmission.
