Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs) are a group of complex molecules that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction called glycosylation. Glycosylation is a process in which sugar molecules attach to proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids in the body. AGEs are produced through a series of reactions between the sugar molecules and these biomolecules.
AGEs are typically formed in the body during normal metabolic processes, but their production is accelerated under certain conditions, including high blood sugar levels, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These conditions are often associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.
AGEs can be found in various tissues and organs of the body, including the skin, blood vessels, kidneys, and eyes. They can accumulate over time and contribute to the development of complications associated with chronic diseases. AGEs are known to cause oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species and activating certain inflammatory pathways.
The accumulation of AGEs in tissues can lead to structural and functional changes in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, altering their normal functions. This can result in the impairment of various physiological processes, such as tissue repair and immune response. AGEs are also associated with the formation of cross-links between biomolecules, which can lead to the stiffening of tissues and impair their normal elasticity.
Therefore, AGEs are recognized as important contributors to aging and the development of chronic diseases. Strategies to reduce AGE formation or to break down existing AGEs are being explored as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat age-related disorders.
