Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (APKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the formation and growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, usually manifesting in adulthood. This condition is autosomal dominant, meaning that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the condition on to their children.
The cysts that develop in the kidneys gradually enlarge and multiply, leading to an increase in kidney size and a progressive decline in kidney function over time. This can ultimately result in the development of chronic kidney disease and, in some cases, end-stage renal failure.
Common symptoms of APKD include pain in the back or side, hematuria (blood in urine), urinary tract infections, high blood pressure, and kidney stones. However, some individuals with APKD may remain asymptomatic until later stages of the disease.
Diagnosis of APKD is often based on clinical evaluation, family history, and the use of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to confirm the presence of cysts in the kidneys. Genetic testing may also be used to identify the specific genetic mutation associated with APKD.
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Medications can be prescribed to control blood pressure, alleviate pain, and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential, and in advanced cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Overall, APKD is a hereditary condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, leading to progressive kidney damage and potential kidney failure if left untreated.
