Adrenergic beta antagonists, also known as beta blockers, are medications or substances that block the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system. These receptors are found mainly in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Beta blockers work by reducing the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and other stress hormones on these receptors, leading to a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity.
These medications are widely used in the treatment of various conditions, particularly in cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, angina (chest pain), and arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). By blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, beta blockers decrease heart rate, slow down the conduction of electrical impulses within the heart, and reduce the force of contraction. These effects help to lower blood pressure and decrease the workload of the heart, thereby improving symptoms and reducing the risk of complications.
Apart from cardiovascular conditions, beta blockers are also prescribed in the management of other conditions such as anxiety, migraine headaches, glaucoma, and essential tremors. By blocking the effects of adrenaline, they can help alleviate symptoms associated with these disorders.
It is important to note that beta blockers should be used under medical supervision, as they may have potential side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, and exacerbation of asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers should be avoided, as this can lead to rebound hypertension or worsening of heart-related symptoms.
