ADIPOKINE Meaning and
Definition
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Adipokines are a class of signaling molecules or cytokines secreted by adipose tissue (fat cells) that play a vital role in regulating various physiological processes in the body. These hormone-like substances are primarily synthesized and released by adipocytes but can also be produced by other cell types such as macrophages and endothelial cells found within adipose tissue.
Adipokines act as key regulators of appetite, metabolism, inflammation, immune responses, and cardiovascular function. They are involved in the communication between fat tissue and other organs or systems in the body, exerting both local and systemic effects. Adipokines can either have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties, depending on their specific type and concentration.
Examples of well-known adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Leptin, for instance, is responsible for suppressing appetite and regulating energy balance. Adiponectin promotes insulin sensitivity and has anti-inflammatory effects, while resistin and TNF-alpha are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation.
Disturbances in the production or regulation of adipokines are implicated in various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Researchers are continually exploring the role of adipokines in these conditions and the potential therapeutic applications of targeting them.
In conclusion, adipokines are a diverse group of signaling molecules secreted by adipose tissue that regulate various physiological processes, particularly those related to metabolism, inflammation, and immune function.
Etymology of ADIPOKINE
The word "adipokine" is derived from two different sources: "adipo-" and "-kine".
1. The prefix "adipo-" is derived from the Latin word "adeps", which means "fat". It is used to refer to substances related to or derived from fat tissue.
2. The suffix "-kine" comes from the Greek word "kinēsis", meaning "motion" or "movement". In medical terminology, it is often used to refer to signaling molecules or substances that are involved in regulating various biological processes.
So, when combined, "adipokine" literally means a signaling molecule or substance related to fat tissue. It is used to describe a group of proteins secreted by adipose (fat) tissue that play a significant role in regulating various physiological processes, including inflammation, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.
