Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It occurs due to inflammation and thickening of the capsule, a connective tissue structure that surrounds and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
In this condition, the normally flexible and lubricated capsule becomes inflamed and contracts, leading to the formation of adhesions or scar tissue. This causes the shoulder joint to become "stuck" or "frozen," resulting in pain and significant restriction of movement. The condition typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing.
During the initial freezing stage, individuals experience a gradual onset of shoulder pain that worsens over time and is accompanied by decreased range of motion. The frozen stage is characterized by persistent pain and continued restriction of movement, making everyday activities difficult. Finally, during the thawing stage, there is a gradual improvement in range of motion and reduction in pain.
This condition often arises spontaneously, but certain factors such as trauma, repetitive shoulder movements, or prolonged immobilization can contribute to its development. It typically affects people between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and is more common in women.
Treatment for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder may involve a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, stretching exercises, heat and cold therapy, and, in some cases, corticosteroid injections or surgery to release the adhesions. The aim of treatment is to reduce pain, improve motion, and restore normal function to the shoulder joint.
