Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a hereditary genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous non-cancerous growths, called polyps, in the colon and rectum. This condition is primarily inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the mutation on to each of their children.
APC is caused by mutations in the APC gene, which is responsible for producing a protein that helps regulate cell growth and division. When this gene is mutated, the protein is unable to function properly, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of polyps in the colon and rectum.
The polyps associated with APC are typically benign, but without timely treatment, they can progress to become cancerous. This condition significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer, making regular screening and surveillance crucial for individuals affected by APC.
Symptoms of APC can vary but often include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and unintended weight loss. Treatment for APC may involve regular colonoscopies to detect and remove polyps, medication to manage symptoms, and, in certain cases, surgical removal of the colon or rectum to prevent the development of cancer.
Early diagnosis and intervention are key in managing APC and preventing the progression to colorectal cancer. Therefore, individuals with a family history of APC or concerning symptoms should seek medical attention and perhaps genetic counseling to understand their risk and potential preventive measures.
