Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare and slow-growing malignant tumor that most commonly affects the salivary glands in the head and neck region. It is also known as cribriform carcinoma or cylindroma. This type of cancer typically arises from the secretory cells lining the glandular tissues and can occur in various other sites including the breast, lung, lacrimal glands, and sweat glands.
The term "adenoid" refers to the gland-like structure of the tumor cells, resembling normal glandular tissue, while "cystic" refers to the presence of cysts or fluid-filled spaces within the tumor. The tumor is characterized by its infiltrative growth pattern, often intertwining with nerves and surrounding structures, making it challenging to completely remove surgically.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 30 and 60 years old, with a slightly higher incidence in women. The most typical symptoms include pain, swelling, and the presence of a slow-growing mass in the affected area. It may also lead to nerve compression, causing sensory or motor dysfunctions.
The prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma varies depending on the site of the tumor and the extent of its spread. Despite its slow growth, it tends to have a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastasis, particularly to the lungs. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy. Regular follow-up examinations are crucial to monitor for any signs of recurrence or metastasis.
