Acromegaly is a rare, chronic disorder that is characterized by the excessive production of growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary gland. It typically develops in adulthood and is often caused by a benign tumor known as an adenoma, which develops in the pituitary gland. This causes an abnormal increase in the levels of GH, resulting in the overgrowth and enlargement of certain body parts, predominantly the hands, feet, and face.
The excessive production of GH in acromegaly leads to the proliferation of connective tissues and bone growth, causing physical changes such as enlarged hands and feet, facial disfigurement, thickened skin, increased sweating, and enlargement of the tongue and internal organs. These changes can manifest gradually over time, often leading to a coarse, gradually changing facial appearance.
Apart from physical changes, acromegaly can also lead to various health complications. Individuals with this condition may experience joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, hypertension, enlarged heart, diabetes, sleep apnea, and other respiratory issues. Furthermore, the excessive GH production can also affect hormone levels, leading to reproductive problems or changes in menstruation.
Diagnosing acromegaly usually involves analyzing medical history, physical examination, and conducting blood tests to measure GH levels. Additional imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be done to identify the presence of an adenoma.
The treatments for acromegaly typically involve the removal of the adenoma through surgery, medication to suppress GH production, or radiation therapy. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and improve overall quality of life for individuals with acromegaly.
