Acquired Communication Disorders (ACD), also known as acquired language disorders or acquired communication impairments, refer to a range of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand, speak, read, write, or use non-verbal communication after a period of typical communication development. These disorders are caused by neurological damage or trauma, usually occurring after birth, which disrupts the brain's normal functioning and communication processes.
There are several types of ACD, including aphasia, dysarthria, apraxia, and cognitive-communication disorders. Aphasia is the most common ACD and involves difficulty using and understanding language. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects the muscles used in speech production, leading to slurred or weak speech. Apraxia of speech is a motor planning disorder that causes difficulty planning and coordinating the precise movements necessary for speech. Cognitive-communication disorders result in difficulties with attention, memory, problem-solving, and interpreting social cues.
The symptoms and severity of ACD vary depending on the location and extent of the brain damage. Individuals with ACD may have trouble finding words, constructing sentences, understanding or producing speech, reading and writing, or using and interpreting gestures and other non-verbal communication cues. Treatment for ACD typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including speech therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and sometimes medication to manage underlying conditions.
In conclusion, Acquired Communication Disorders are impairments in language comprehension, expression, reading, writing, or non-verbal communication caused by neurological damage or trauma after a period of typical development.
