Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a polypeptide growth factor that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. It is a naturally occurring protein that plays a vital role in several biological processes, particularly in the development, growth, and maintenance of various cells and tissues in the body.
aFGF is characterized by its acidic nature, referring to its isoelectric point, which is below 7 on the pH scale. It is secreted by various cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages, and acts as a paracrine and autocrine factor, exerting its biological effects on nearby cells or on the same cells that produce it.
The primary function of aFGF is to promote cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, particularly in the context of wound healing and tissue repair. It stimulates the formation and growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and aids in the regeneration of damaged tissue.
In addition to its role in tissue repair, aFGF is also involved in embryonic development, where it guides the formation of organs and tissues. It has been found to be critical in neurodevelopment, as it influences the growth and differentiation of neurons and plays a role in neural cell survival.
Research has shown that aFGF possesses therapeutic potential in various medical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, ischemic injury, and certain types of cancers. Its properties make it a promising candidate for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
