ACETYLENE HYDRATASE Meaning and
Definition
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Acetylene hydratase is an enzyme that is responsible for the catalysis of a specific chemical reaction known as the hydration of acetylene. This enzyme is commonly found in certain bacteria species, particularly those that can utilize acetylene as a sole carbon source for their growth and metabolism.
The reaction catalyzed by acetylene hydratase involves the addition of water to the acetylene molecule, resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde. This reaction is crucial in the metabolic pathway of acetylene-utilizing bacteria, as it allows them to obtain energy and synthesize essential biomolecules using acetylene as a carbon source.
The enzyme acetylene hydratase is a type of lyase, as it cleaves the C-C triple bond of acetylene. It belongs to the family of metalloenzymes, as it requires the presence of a metal ion, typically iron or nickel, as a cofactor for its catalytic activity.
The structural and functional characterization of acetylene hydratase has been the subject of extensive research, as its unique ability to convert acetylene into acetaldehyde has significant industrial applications. It has been investigated for its potential use in bioremediation processes, as well as in the development of biofuels.
In summary, acetylene hydratase is an enzyme present in certain bacteria that effectively catalyzes the hydration of acetylene, playing a crucial role in their metabolism and facilitating their growth using acetylene as a carbon source.
Etymology of ACETYLENE HYDRATASE
The word "acetylene hydratase" is a combination of two terms: "acetylene" and "hydratase".
1. Acetylene: The term "acetylene" comes from the Latin word "acētum" meaning "vinegar". It was first isolated in 1836 by Edmund Davy when he passed an electric current through purified vinegar (acetic acid) and discovered a gas was produced. The suffix "-ene" typically indicates a hydrocarbon that contains a double bond. Hence, "acetylene" refers to a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H2 that contains a triple bond between the carbon atoms.
2. Hydratase: The term "hydratase" derives from the Greek word "hydōr" meaning "water". In biochemistry, enzymes are often named with the suffix "-ase" indicating their enzymatic nature.
