Accessory cells, also known as accessory immune cells, are a diverse group of cells that play crucial supportive roles in the immune system's response to foreign substances (antigens) and pathogens. These cells are an essential part of the body's defense mechanism against infections and diseases.
The term "accessory cells" encompasses various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. These cells are not directly involved in the recognition of antigens, unlike the primary cells of the immune system, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Instead, accessory cells assist in the activation and coordination of immune responses.
Macrophages, for instance, are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy foreign particles, presenting the antigens to other immune cells for recognition. Dendritic cells, on the other hand, capture antigens and migrate to the lymph nodes to stimulate the immune response by presenting the antigens to T cells. B cells produce antibodies in response to antigens and provide long-term immunity.
Accessory cells have receptors on their surfaces that can detect foreign antigens and stimulate specific responses, leading to the initiation of immune defense mechanisms. Through antigen presentation, these cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses, enabling a more targeted and efficient immune reaction.
Overall, accessory cells are integral components of the immune system, working together with other immune cells to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate foreign antigens, contributing to the overall protection and maintenance of the body's health and well-being.
