Absolute authority refers to an individual or entity possessing complete and unrestricted power, control, or command over a certain group of people, an organization, or a region. It is the ultimate level of decision-making and governance, without any checks or limitations on their actions. This authority is typically accompanied by the absence of any form of accountability, as the individual or entity exercising absolute authority is not answerable to any other power or institution.
Absolute authority often implies the ability to exercise one's will or impose one's directives without opposition or resistance. This can involve the power to make laws, enforce them, and interpret them, as well as to shape policies, make appointments, and dissolve dissenting voices. It denotes unrestricted dominance and command, where actions or orders are not subject to negotiation, debate, or challenge.
The concept of absolute authority has been historically associated with various forms of autocratic or dictatorial rulers, such as monarchs, despots, or tyrants. However, it can also be seen in certain religious or ideological leadership, where individuals or institutions claim absolute spiritual or moral authority.
It should be noted that absolute authority is often perceived as an antithesis to democracy, which emphasizes individual rights, power-sharing, and checks and balances. The exercise of absolute authority can lead to the creation of oppressive systems, human rights abuses, and the suppression of freedom of speech, expression, and dissent.
The word "absolute" originated from the Latin word "absolutus", which is the past participle of "absolvere". "Absolvere" is composed of two Latin words: "ab", meaning "away" or "from", and "solvere", meaning "to loosen" or "to free". Thus, "absolvere" can be understood as "to free from" or "to release". The term "authority" comes from the Latin word "auctoritas", derived from "auctor", which means "originator" or "promoter". In general, "auctoritas" denotes the power to influence or command. Consequently, the compound "absolute authority" conveys the concept of complete, unchallenged power or control.