Absence Seizure Disorder, also known as petit mal seizures, is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and brief episodes of altered consciousness or absence seizures. These seizures are usually brief, lasting for a few seconds, and appear as if the individual is "staring into space" or having a momentary lapse of attention. During these seizures, the person may exhibit blank expressions, subtle fluttering eyelids, and slight muscle twitching.
Absence Seizure Disorder primarily affects children, typically between the ages of 4 and 14, although it can persist into adulthood. The exact cause of this disorder is still unknown, but it is believed to involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some cases may have a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.
These seizures can occur multiple times a day, impacting the individual's ability to concentrate and participate in daily activities. They may also lead to learning difficulties or behavioral problems if left untreated. Diagnosis is based on observing the typical symptoms during an electroencephalogram (EEG) and ruling out other underlying conditions.
Treatment often involves anti-seizure medications, such as ethosuximide, valproic acid, or lamotrigine, which can effectively control the absence seizures in the majority of patients. Regular follow-up with a neurologist is essential to monitor and adjust medication dosage if necessary. With proper management, most individuals with Absence Seizure Disorder can lead normal lives, although they may require ongoing support and accommodations to ensure academic and social success.
